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了解中国瓷城 景德镇 |
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“中华向号瓷之国，瓷业高峰是此都”。瓷器是中国的伟大发明，瓷器是中国古代文明的重要象征，而景德镇又是这个瓷器之国的代表。莹莹白玉瓷，漫漫瓷都路，作为被人们称为“瓷都”的景德镇，不仅制瓷历史悠久，更重要的是造出的瓷器驰名世界，享誉九洲。“江南雄镇记陶阳，绝妙花瓷动四方”，就是这种情况的写照。 景德镇地处江西省东北部，原系浮梁县治。东晋时期名叫新平镇，唐朝改为昌南镇（又号陶阳镇），宋代景德年间始称景德镇，一直延用至今。 据史书记载，景德镇的制瓷历史已有二千余年，“新平治陶，始于汉世”。就在这个时候起，景德镇地区就已在商周原始瓷器的基础上，烧制出“器表施有釉” 的“青瓷器”。到了晋代，据载有个名工巧匠趟慨，曾为当时景德镇地区瓷器质量的进一步提高作出过巨大贡献，因而被后人尊称为“师主”，历朝立庙祭祀。随着 时代的进展和江南地区经济的繁荣，景德镇制瓷技术也有所提高，产品运销各地。公元583年，南朝皇帝陈叔宝为了造豪会的庭壹楼阁，诏令这里的窑户烧造雕镂 精巧的陶瓷柱石。不久，隋朝建立，隋炀帝又要这里造狮象大兽两座献给皇宫。这都说明，当时景德镇地区的制瓷业已有相当的技艺水平，瓷器产品也有了较大的影 响，以致引起了最高统治者的注意。短促的隋朝倾圮之后，强盛的唐帝国继立，高祖李渊武德年间（公元618-626年），又叫昌南镇的景德镇地区瓷业有了更 大的发展，出了两个名人，一个叫陶玉，一个叫霍仲初。 |
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| 据志书记载：“唐武德中，镇民陶玉者，载瓷入关中，称为假玉器，且贡于朝，于是昌南镇瓷名天下。”陶 玉是镇里的钟秀里人，他所烧的“陶窑”瓷器“瓷色亦素，土善腻，质薄，佳者莹缜如玉”。这些文字记载说明了一个事实：当时的景德镇地区从汉到唐，不仅一直 从事陶瓷业生产，而且经过近千年来的探索和追求，早已从制陶阶段进入制瓷阶段，唐代的瓷器已有相当成就，在国内有较大影响。唐代著名文学家柳宗元代饶州刺 史元崔写了《进瓷器状》赞颂了这里瓷器的美好。当然，上面所述的这些情况还只限于文字，记载著名的陶窑、霍窑，遗址也还没有被发现，本世纪五十年代在景德 镇市区周围黄泥头、白虎湾、腾梅亭、湖田等地发现的五代窑址，以及挖掘出来的大量碎片，却以实物证明了那个时期这里烧造出来的瓷器主要是青瓷和白瓷，且以 青瓷为多。器型主要是盘、碗、壶、水盂、碟等。瓷胎有厚有薄，釉色近似越窑的色彩，略带绿色，与玉器很象，被称为“假玉器”是很贴切的。五代时，这里除烧 制青瓷外，又是南方烧造白瓷最早、规模最大的窑场，仅白虎湾一处就有30多座，可见一斑。从现存的大量出土资料看，白瓷色调纯正，纯白度高达70度，吸水 率、透光度都达到现代瓷的标准。瓷质远远超过了越窑，冠于当世。 | |||||||||
| ABOUT Jing De Zhen (景德镇) | |||||||||
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Jing De Zhen, was a town famous as "The Chinaware Capital". As long as 2000 years ago, in the Han Dynasty, some ancient kilns for pottery were built here. In the Tang Dynasty, people had been able to produce chinawares by heating. The wares are said to be: as white as a jade, as clear as a mirror, as thin as a sheet of paper and as sweet sounding as a Qing (a Buddhist percussion instrument). Owing to the manufacturing level was much improved during the reign of Song emperor Jing De, the town was named Jing De Zhen. It's said its former name was Chengnan, pronounced "china" by the Western people who used to export the porcelains from here to their countries. That's why the porcelain was called "chinaware". In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the place was so flourishing that taken as one of the 4 biggest towns of China. | ||||||||
| Today, it is a light industry town with green mountains and beautiful waters around, and many chinawares factories and porcelain clay ores can be seen everywhere. Almost 10% residents of the town are employed in the creamic industry. Chinaware-shops on each side of the streets are very distinctive. The spring and autumn are the best time for travelers. The People's Square is the center of communications, where you can find buses going to any places. You may take the fights or trains from the cities nearby. It will take your 7 hours to Nanchang, the capital of Jing Xi province. | |||||||||
